Interaction among Organisms

Interactions among organisms

Types of area(Biosphere)

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

Abiotic- non living thing

Biotic- living thing

Biotic interacts with Abotic

Biotic interacts with Abotic + environment = system(dynamic)

Habitat- place where animals live

population- Small number of animals, most probably the same species

Community- Small number of animals, different species

Niche - is the role and position of a organism(species) in the community. No two species can occupy exactly the same niche.  e.g the niche of a fish is to eat plants and to provide food for its predators.

Ecosystem-habitat +biotic interacting

Abiotic factors

• Light- how much?

• Temperature- how high? (affects physiological activities of living things)

• Water- Essential for life!!!!!!!!(water needed for chemical reactions)

• Oxygen-most oxygen are aerobes(need oxygen) Unaerobes(organisms that do not need oxygen)

• Salinity- important factor for aquatic organisms

• pH- acids pH 1-6.9, water(neutral) 7.0, alkali pH 7.1-14.0  

1. competition -/- (Interspecific- a form of symbiosis) (Intraspecific-same species)
Producer-Primary consumer->secondary consumer->tertiary consumer
Producer-Primary consumer->secondary consumer->tertiary consumer
Flow of Energy:

• Only about 10% of the energy is stored as new tissues and is available for transfer to next feeding level. 90% of the energy is lost because some food may not be eaten, or passes through the body without being digested and a lot of the energy is used in respiration

Decomposers are detritivores that recycle organic matter back to inorganic nutrients (carbon, nitrates) in ecosystems. E.g. fungi, bacteria
Detritus feeder acquire nutrients from dead animals/ plants or animal waste products. E.g. certain beetles, earthworm, termites, bacteria, fungi

Biotic Factors

1.Symbiosis

-Mutualism +/+

-Commensalism +/o (one benefits, no damage to the other)

-Parasitism +/- ( host is harmed, population is benefiting)

2. Competition -/- ( both compete with each other for limited resources such as food, territory, mating.

3. Predation +/- (one feeds on the other)

Factors

oxygen salinity light

pH

-may be influenced by photosynthetic activity of aquatic plants

The more acidic a substance, the sourer it is. 

The higher the acidic, the lower the pH

7pH is neutral. 

acids --> pH1-6.9

alkali pH --> 7.1-14

Water

(neutral) --> pH7.0

Biotic Factors

Symbiosis

1.Mutualism +/+ positive! (Hermit crab)

2. Commensalism (one benefits;the other unaffected) +/0

3. Parasitism (parasite benefits and host harmed) +/- dog and fleas. worms in human body

2. Predation (one feeds on the other) +/-

Food consumed = growth + respiration + heat + egesta+ excreta

• The shorter the food chain, the greater 
  is the available food energy.

(break down food into SMALLER SUBSTANCES)

(break down food into SIMPLER SUBSTANCES)